Zhi Bingyi
Zhi Bingyi | |
|---|---|
支秉彝 | |
| Born | 19 September 1911 |
| Died | 24 July 1993 (aged 81) Shanghai, China |
| Alma mater | Zhejiang University Leipzig University |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Telecommunications engineering Measuring instrument Chinese character encoding |
| Institutions | Shanghai Instrument Research Institute |
Zhi Bingyi (Chinese: 支秉彝; pinyin: Zhī Bǐngyí; 19 September 1911 – 24 July 1993) was a Chinese scientist in the fields of telecommunications engineering, measuring instrument and Chinese character encoding. He was one of the earliest figures in Chinese history to have contributed to the science of characters computer processing. He has been hailed by many as "Chinese characters information processing pioneer". He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography
[edit]Zhi was born into a highly educated family in Taizhou County, Jiangsu, on 19 September 1911, while ancestral home in Zhenjiang.[1] He secondary studied at Taizhou High School.[2] In 1931, he was accepted to Zhejiang University, where he majored in the Department of Electrical Engineering.[1] In 1934, he pursued advanced studies in Germany, earning a doctor's degree in natural science from Leipzig University in 1944.[1] Zhi became fluent in German and married a German woman.[3]: 139
He returned to China in 1946 and that same year was recruited by the Central Industrial Laboratory (中央工业试验所) as an engineer, as well as director of electronic laboratory.[1] From 1947 to 1951, he was professor at Zhejiang University, Tongji University and Shanghai Aviation College.[1] He also became a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[3]: 139
In 1951, he founded the Yellow River Science and Technology Instrument Factory (黄河理工仪器厂), which was merged into Shanghai Electric Meter Factory (上海电表厂) in 1954.[1] After the institutional reform, he served as deputy chief engineer and director of central laboratory.[1] In 1957, he engaged in the research on aging treatment of manganin resistance elements and solved the quality problem of domestic manganin.[4] He also participated in the development of the first 5-bit DC digital voltmeter in China in the 1960s. In 1964, he was transferred to the Shanghai Institute of Electrical Instruments (上海电工仪器研究所; later reshuffled as Shanghai Instrument Research Institute 上海仪器仪表研究所), where he successively served as chief engineer, deputy director, director, and honorary director.[1]
Zhi's time abroad in Nazi-controlled Germany made him politically suspect in the eyes of some.[3]: 139 In 1966, the Cultural Revolution broke out, two years later, he was denounced as a "reactionary academic authority" and suffered political persecution.[1] During that time, he "worked on his ideas about a Chinese computer language in a squalid prison cell during the Cultural Revolution, writing his calculations on a teacup after his guards took away even his toilet paper."[5] In September 1969, he was released from prison to house arrest.[3]: 126 He was supervised to sweep the floor, clean the lathe, and then worked as a waste warehouse keeper. In his spare time, he used six years to invent the coding method of Jian Zi Shi Ma (见字识码; 'On-Sight Coding'), which made a great contribution to Chinese character coding and Chinese character information processing.[1]
Zhi wished for an intuitive but unique alphabetic code for Chinese characters. Zhi's predecessors, i.e., Bismarck Doo, Wang Yunwu, and Lin Yutang preferred a shape-based approach to encoding, examining a character's strokes and components and grouping them into categories. However, the official adoption of pinyin made the phonetic approach a national policy. Zhi was able to combine pinyin and a shape-based approach to index characters by their components, using the first letter of each component's pinyin spelling.[6]
He joined the Communist Party in May 1991.
On 24 July 1993, he died of illness in Shanghai, aged 81.[1]
Honours and awards
[edit]- 1980 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 支秉彝 [Zhi Bingyi]. shkjdw.gov.cn (in Chinese). 29 April 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
- ^ Mao Mingjiang (毛明江) (23 December 2002). 江苏泰州名校喜迎百年华诞 党和国家领导人祝贺 [Taizhou High School welcomes its centennial birthday]. Sohu (in Chinese). Retrieved 10 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d Mullaney, Thomas S. (2024). The Chinese Computer: a Global History of the Information Age. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262047517.
- ^ 电信工程和测量仪器专家——支秉彝院士 [Expert in telecommunication engineering and measuring instruments: Academician Zhi Bingyi]. tznet.cn (in Chinese). 1 June 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
- ^ "How the Chinese Language Got Modernized". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ Tsu, Jing (2022). Kingdom of Characters: The Language Revolution That Made China Modern. New York: Riverhead Books. pp. 216–219. ISBN 9780735214729.
External links
[edit]- Biography of Zhi Bingyi on the official website of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese)